对42CrMoA高强钢进行了单次喷丸、精整复合喷丸、抛光复合喷丸强化处理，研究了不同喷丸工艺下钢的表面粗糙度、疲劳性能、表层残余应力、组织细化程度及显微硬度。结果表明：喷丸方式对42CrMoA钢最大残余压应力和应力层深度影响不大；单次喷丸、精整复合喷丸、抛光复合喷丸后钢的表面残余压应力、表面组织细化程度、显微硬度及疲劳极限依次增大，表面粗糙度则依次减小；复合喷丸尤其是抛光复合喷丸可显著降低42CrMoA钢的喷丸表面粗糙度。

42CrMoA high strength steel was strengthened by single shot peening, finishing composite shot peening, and polishing composite shot peening. The surface roughness, fatigue performance, surface residual stress, structure refinement and microhardness of the steel under different shot peening conditions were studied. The results show that shot peening methods had little effect on the maximum residual compressive stress and stress layer depth of 42CrMoA steel. The surface residual compressive stress, surface structure refinement, microhardness and fatigue limit of the steel increased in sequence after single shot peening, finishing composite shot peening, and polishing composite shot peening, while the surface roughness decreased in sequence. Composite shot peening, especially polishing composite shot peening, could reduce the shot peening surface roughness of 42CrMoA steel significantly.