在低温（840，880℃）单相区和高温（950，1 000，1 050，1 100℃）双相区对10Cr17不锈钢进行退火处理，并分别空冷和水冷至室温，研究了退火温度和冷却方式对其显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：试验钢低温（840，880℃）退火组织为铁素体+（Fe，Cr）₂₃C₆碳化物，高温（950~1100℃）退火组织为铁素体+马氏体+（Fe，Cr）₂₃C₆碳化物；当退火温度达到1 000℃及以上时组织发生完全动态再结晶，水冷方式下的再结晶晶粒尺寸较空冷方式下的细小；与低温退火钢相比，高温退火试验钢的强度更高，塑性更差，耐腐蚀性能更好，并且高温退火水冷方式下的耐腐蚀性能优于高温退火空冷方式下的；水冷方式下试验钢的强度均较空冷方式下的高，塑性则略低；当退火温度在950℃时，试验钢能达到较好的强塑性结合，并且耐腐蚀性能最佳。

10Cr17 stainless steel was annealed in low temperature (840, 880 ℃) single phase region and high temperature (950, 1 000, 1 050, 1 100 ℃) dual phase region, and then cooled to room temperature by air and water cooling. The effect of annealing temperature and cooling method on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 10Cr17 stainless steel was investigated. The results show that the annealed microstructure of the test steel at low temperatures (840, 880 ℃) was ferrite and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ carbide, and at high temperatures (950~1 100 ℃) was ferrite, martensite and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ carbide. When the temperature reached 1 000 ℃ and above, complete dynamic recrystallization occurred, and the recrystallized grain size by water cooling was smaller than that by air cooling. Comparing with the low temperature annealed steel, high temperature annealed test steel had higher strength, worse plasticity and better corrosion resistance, and the corrosion resistance under high temperature annealing and water cooling conditions was better than that under high temperature annealing and air cooling conditions. The strength of the test steel by water cooling was higher than that by air cooling, while the plasticity was slightly lower. When the annealing temperature was 950 ℃, the test steel had good strength and plastic combination, and the best corrosion resistance.