固溶和时效处理对加压成形6063铝合金组织与性能的影响
Effect of Solution and Aging Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Pressure Formed 6063 Aluminum Alloy
摘 要
采用加压成形工艺制备6063铝合金，然后对铝合金进行535℃固溶和时效处理，研究了固溶时间（15~120 min）、时效温度（160~200℃）和时效时间（1~24 h）对该铝合金显微组织、拉伸性能和硬度的影响。结果表明：随着固溶时间的延长，6063铝合金晶粒尺寸增大，Mg2Si初生相逐渐消失并回溶至基体中，而固溶时间未对α-Al8Fe2Si相和β-Al5FeSi相的含量与形貌产生影响；固溶处理后，随着时效温度的升高或时效时间的延长，第二相Mg2Si数量增加，但过高的时效温度或过长的时效时间导致Mg2Si相粗大；随着固溶时间、时效时间的延长，或时效温度的升高，合金的强度和硬度先升高后降低，断后伸长率先减小后增大；6063铝合金适宜的固溶和时效处理制度为535℃×60 min+180℃×7 h，此时合金中析出的Mg2Si相最细小，且弥散分布，合金具有最高的强度和硬度，以及合适的断后伸长率。
固溶
时效
显微组织
力学性能
6063 aluminum alloy
solution
aging
microstructure
mechanical property
Abstract
6063 aluminum alloy was prepared by pressure forming process, and then was treated by solution at 535 ℃ and aging. The effects of solution time (15-120 min), aging temperature (160-200 ℃) and aging time (1-24 h) on the microstructure, tensile properties and hardness of the aluminum alloy were studied. The results show that with increasing solution time, the grain size of 6063 aluminum alloy increased, and the primary Mg2Si phase gradually disappeard and redissolved in the matrix; but the solution time had no effect on the content and morphology of α-Al8Fe2Si phase and β-Al5FeSi phase. After solution treatment, with increasing aging temperature or aging time, the number of second phase Mg2Si increased, but a higher temperature or a longer aging time resulted in the coarse of the Mg2Si phase. With increasing solution time, aging time or aging temperature, the strength and hardness of the alloy increased first and then decreased, and the precentage elongation after fracture decreased first and then increased. The appropriate solution and aging treatment system for 6063 aluminum alloy was 535 ℃×60 min + 180 ℃×7 h; at this time the Mg2Si phase precipitated in the alloy was the smallest and dispersed, and the alloy had the highest strength and hardness and the appropriate precentage elongation after fracture.
中图分类号 TG156 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl202101011
所属栏目 材料性能及应用
基金项目 中央高校基础研究基金资助项目（106112017CDJQJ328839）
收稿日期 2020/2/10
修改稿日期 2020/10/15
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注刘全升(1967-),男,河南泌阳人,讲师,学士
引用该论文: LIU Quansheng,FAN Mengting,LUO Xinran. Effect of Solution and Aging Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Pressure Formed 6063 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2021, 45(1): 66～72
刘全升,范梦婷,罗欣然. 固溶和时效处理对加压成形6063铝合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2021, 45(1): 66～72
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【2】刘宏, 赵刚, 刘春明, 等. 6000系铝合金组织性能的研究进展[J]. 机械工程材料, 2004, 28(6):1-4. LIU H, ZHAO G, LIU C M, et al. Advances in research on microstructure and properties of 6000 series aluminium alloys[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2004, 28(6):1-4.
【3】王慧芳, 龙思远, 吴星宇, 等. 铁、镁含量及热处理对压铸铝硅合金组织和拉伸性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2016, 40(2):21-25. WANG H F, LONG S Y, WU X Y, et al. Effects of Fe, Mg contents and heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of die-casted Al-Si alloys[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 40(2):21-25.
【4】刘静安. 绿色建筑铝合金结构型材的研发及应用[J]. 资源再生, 2014(5):46-48. LIU J A. The research and development application of aluminum alloy structure material of green building[J]. Resource Recycling, 2014(5):46-48.
【5】李小霞, 柯新泽. 时效热处理对建筑铝合金型材组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2019, 44(7):62-67. LI X X, KE X Z. Effect of aging heat treatment on microstructure and properties of aluminum alloy profiles for architecture[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2019, 44(7):62-67.
【6】NAIDU N, RAMAN S. Effect of contact pressure on fretting fatigue behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloy AA6061[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2005, 27(3):283-291.
【7】TANG X, LI D, PRAKASH V, et al. Effects of microstructure on high strain rate deformation and flow behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloy (AA 6061) under uniaxial compression and combined compression and shear loading[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2011, 27(1):13-20.
【8】NAIDU N K R, RAMAN S G S. Effect of shot blasting on plain fatigue and fretting fatigue behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloy AA6061[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2005, 27(3):323-331.
【9】陈灵, 何欢, 符跃春, 等. 双级固溶处理对7A04铝合金组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2017, 41(4):98-102. CHEN L, HE H, FU Y C, et al. Effects of two-stage solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7A04 aluminum alloy[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 41(4):98-102.
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【12】郑小平, 张卫文, 邵明, 等. 7075/6009铝合金层状复合板材的固溶时效热处理工艺[J]. 机械工程材料, 2012, 36(7):41-45. ZHENG X P, ZHANG W W, SHAO M, et al. Heat treatment process for 7075/6009 aluminum alloy laminated composite plate[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 36(7):41-45.
【13】叶拓, 李落星, 唐徐, 等. 固溶和时效处理对挤压态6013铝合金显微组织及动态力学行为的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2017, 41(6):1-4. YE T, LI L X, TANG X, et al. Effects of solid solution and aging treatment on microstructure and dynamic mechanical behavior of extruded 6013 Al alloy[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 41(6):1-4.
【14】曹零勇, 郭明星, 崔华, 等. Al-Mg-Si系合金均匀化过程中β→α相转变动力学研究[J]. 金属学报, 2013, 49(4):428-434. CAO L Y, GUO M X, CUI H, et al. Study on the kinetics of phase transformation β→α in the homogeneous heat treatment of Al-Mg-Si series alloys[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2013, 49(4):428-434.
【15】齐亚丽, 罗凤强, 褚晓宇. 绿色建筑铝合金型材的热处理与力学性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2019, 44(11):64-70. QI Y L, LUO F Q, ZHU X Y. Heat treatment and mechanical properties of green building aluminum alloy profile[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2019, 44(11):64-70.
【16】张洪波. 形变和热处理对幕墙用6063铝合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2018, 43(11):129-134. ZHANG H B. Effects of deformation and heat treatment on microstructure and properties of 6063 aluminium alloy for curtain wall[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2018, 43(11):129-134.
【17】张冲,许晓静,张洁,等.固溶升温速率对Al-10.78Zn-2.78Mg-2.59Cu铝合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2018, 42(8):24-28. ZHQANG C, XU X J, ZHANG J, et al. Effect of heating rate for solid solution on microstructure and properties of Al-10.78Zn-2.78Mg-2.59Cu aluminum alloy[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 42(8):24-28.
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