某煤气化公司气化炉水冷壁管在运行过程中频繁爆裂，通过化学成分分析、金相检验和能谱分析等方法，结合气化炉的运行工况，对该管的爆裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：水冷壁管爆裂的根本原因是管内循环水流量偏低，炉膛温度过高，使水冷壁管处于高温状态中，导致管壁显微组织中珠光体发生球化，材料强度降低，进而引起水冷壁管爆裂。

Water wall tube of gasifier in a coal gasification company burst frequently during operation. The causes of bursting on tube were analyzed by means of chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination and energy spectrum analysis, combined with the operation condition of gasifier. The results show that the main cause of bursting on water wall tube was that the circulating water flow in the tube was too low and the furnace temperature was too high, which made the water wall tube in a high temperature state, resulted in the spheroidization of pearlite in microstructure of tube wall and the decrease of material strength, which led to the burst of water wall tube.