采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射（XRD）等对铜材部件的表面腐蚀产物进行表征，找出水力发电厂电气设备铜材部件表面黑化等腐蚀失效的原因。采用电解还原法分析铜片表面的腐蚀产物以表征1~5号核心区域环境的腐蚀程度。结果表明：铜材部件表面黑色腐蚀产物主要为Cu₂S，电气设备服役环境中存在腐蚀性气体H₂S，1区、3区、4区和5区环境腐蚀程度为GX等级，2区为G2等级；环境中H₂S含量越高，腐蚀速率越高，腐蚀越重；铜材部件与环境中的H₂S发生腐蚀反应是导致电气设备发生腐蚀失效的主要原因。

SEM, EDS and XRD were used to analyze the corrosion products on the surface of copper parts to find out the causes of corrosion failure such as blackening of the surface of copper parts of electrical equipment in hydropower plants. Electrolytic reduction method was used to analyze the corrosion products on the surface of the copper sheet to characterize the degree of corrosion in the core area of No. 1 to 5. The results showed that the black corrosion product on the surface of copper parts was mainly Cu₂S, and the corrosive gas H₂S existed in the service environment of electrical equipment. The environmental corrosion degree of zone 1, zone 3, zone 4 and zone 5 was grade GX, and zone 2 was grade G2. The higher the H₂S content in the environment, the faster the corrosion rate and the heavier the corrosion; the corrosion reaction between copper parts and H₂S in the environment was the main cause of corrosion failure of electrical equipment.