通过回归分析方法研究了建筑钢结构用钢材硬度（洛氏硬度、维氏硬度和布氏硬度）与强度（上屈服强度和抗拉强度）之间的关系，给出了用硬度推算强度的换算公式及换算偏差，并与GB/T 33362-2016和GB/T 1172-1999进行了对比。结果表明：建筑钢结构用钢材的硬度与强度之间呈正相关关系，用布氏硬度换算的抗拉强度的相对偏差明显低于洛氏硬度和维氏硬度的。GB/T 1172-1999给出的用洛氏硬度换算的抗拉强度和维氏硬度换算的抗拉强度与试验结果较为接近。考虑现有便携式硬度检测仪器及样品处理设备，采用洛氏硬度和布氏硬度推算钢材强度在实际工程中具有可操作性。

The relationship between hardness (Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness and Brinell hardness) and strength (upper yield strength and tensile strength) of steel used for construction steel structure was studied by regression analysis method, the conversion formula and conversion deviation of hardness calculation strength were given, and compared with GB/T 33362-2016 and GB/T 1172-1999. The results show that there was a positive correlation between hardness and strength of steel used for construction steel structure, and the relative deviation of tensile strength converted from Brinell hardness was obviously better than that of Rockwell hardness and Vickers hardness. The tensile strength value converted from Rockwell hardness and the tensile strength value converted from Vickers Hardness given in GB/T 1172-1999 was close to the test result. Considering the existing portable hardness test instruments and sample processing equipment, it was feasible to calculate the steel strength by Rockwell hardness and Brinell hardness in practical engineering.