在无水乙酸铜（铜源）与正硅酸四乙酯的物质的量比为1：10，1：20，1：40条件下，以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为模板剂，采用静电纺丝法结合高温煅烧制备SiO₂-CuO复合纤维材料，研究了该复合纤维材料的微观形貌、透气性与抗菌性能。结果表明：采用静电纺丝法结合600 ℃煅烧成功制备SiO₂-CuO复合纤维材料，CuO纳米颗粒均匀分布在SiO₂纤维中，CuO属于单斜晶系；随着无水乙酸铜含量的增加，CuO颗粒的结晶程度增大；复合纤维材料的水蒸气透过率在2 994.4~4 017.6 g·m^-2·d^-1，约为无材料覆盖条件下的60%，复合纤维材料具有较好的透气性；随着无水乙酸铜含量的增加，复合纤维材料的抗菌率增大，抗菌性能提高；当无水乙酸铜与正硅酸四乙酯物质的量比为1：10时，复合纤维材料具有良好的气体透过性能，且抗菌率高达99.9%。

A SiO₂-CuO composite fiber material was prepared by electrospinning combined with high temperature calcination with polyvinylpyrrolidone as a template under the condition of the molar ratios of anhydrous copper acetate (copper source) to tetraethyl orthosilicate of 1:10, 1:20, 1:40. The microstructure, air permeability and antibacterial property of the composite fiber material were studied. The results show that the SiO₂-CuO composite fiber material was successfully prepared by the electrospinning method combined with calcination at 600 ℃. CuO nanoparticles uniformly distributed in the SiO₂ fibers, which belonged to monoclinic crystal system. With increasing anhydrous copper acetate content, the crystallization degree of the CuO particles increased. The water vapor transmission of the composite fiber material was 2 994.4-4 017.6 g·m^-2·d^-1, which was about 60% of that under the condition of non-material covering, indicating that the composite fiber material had good air permeability. With increasing anhydrous copper acetate content, the antibacterial rate of composite fiber materials increased, indicating that the antibacterial property was improved. When the molar ratio of anhydrous copper acetate to tetraethyl orthosilicate was 1:10, the composite fiber material had good air permeability and a high antibacterial rate of 99.9%.