对国家标准GB 5009.124-2016测定食品中16种氨基酸（天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸）含量进行了方法改进。改进后的酸水解条件如下：称取样品1 g于聚四氟乙烯管中，加入含0.1%（质量分数）苯酚的6 mol·L^-1盐酸溶液10 mL，充氮后封口，酸水解温度为165℃，酸水解时间由原来的22 h缩短至1 h。并提出了微波消解的前处理方法，其条件如下：称取样品约0.1 g于石英罐中，加入6 mol·L^-1盐酸溶液1 mL，将其放进装有6 mol·L^-1盐酸溶液的聚四氟乙烯罐中，充氮除氧，封盖后放入消解仪，微波消解温度为165℃，消解时间为12 min。以LCA K06/Na色谱柱为固定相，按照优化后的柱升温程序和梯度洗脱程序对16种氨基酸进行分离。结果表明：16种氨基酸的浓度在10~200 μmol·L^-1内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系，检出限为0.000 11%~0.004 2%；对猪瘦肉进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验，16种氨基酸的回收率为93.6%~101%，测定值的相对标准偏差（RSD，n=6）为1.2%~7.2%；两种前处理方法用于实际样品的测定，并与GB 5009.124-2016的测定结果进行比对，P值分别为0.870和0.643，说明这两种前处理方法的测定结果与GB 5009.124-2016的不存在显著性差异。

The national standard method GB 5009.124-2016 for determination of 16 kinds of amino acids (including of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, arginine) in food was improved. Improved conditions of acid hydrolysis were as following. Sample of 1 g was placed into a teflon tube, and 6 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid solution containing 0.1% (mass fraction) phenol of 10 mL was added for filling nitrogen and sealing. The acid hydrolysis tempreture was 165℃ and the acid hydrolysis time was shortened to 1 h from 22 h. Microwave digestion was proposed, and the conditions were as following. Sample of 0.1 g was placed into a quartz tank, and 6 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid solution of 1 mL was added. The above solution was put into a teflon tank containing 6 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid solution and digested at 165℃ for 12 min after filling nitrogen for deoxygenation and sealing. LCA K06/Na column was used as stationary phase, and 16 kinds of amino acids were separated according to optimized column heating program and gradient elution program. It was showed that linear relationships between concentrations of 16 kinds of amino acids and their peak areas were kept in the range of 10-200 μmol·L^-1, with detection limits in the range of 0.000 11%-0.004 2%. Recovery test was made on pig lean meat at 3 concentration levels by standard addition method, giving results in the range of 93.6%-101%, and RSDs (n=6) of the determined values were in the range of 1.2%-7.2%. The two pretreatment methods have been used for determination of substantial samples, and compared with the determination results of GB 5009.124-2016. Values of P were 0.870 for improved acid hydrolysis and 0.643 for microwave digestion, indicating that there was no significant difference between the determination results of these two pretreatment methods and GB 5009.124-2016.