易燃液体及其残留物的鉴别和影响鉴别的关键因素
Identification of Ignitable Liquids and Their Residues and Key Factors for Influencing Identification
摘 要
易燃液体检验鉴定是刑事技术领域的一项关键技术。易燃液体种类多样，并且受燃烧机制和环境条件影响，其残留物的成分复杂。现场提取残留物用于鉴别易燃液体的种类与来源，对检验方法和数据研判提出了挑战。综述了常规、非常规易燃液体鉴别技术的最新研究进展，影响易燃液体残留物鉴别的关键因素，包括易燃液体承载基质、风化作用、微生物降解、酸化等，以及如何根据易燃液体的残留物鉴别易燃液体（引用文献44篇），可为公共安全领域相关工作中易燃液体的检验分析提供参考。
残留物
鉴别
影响因素
ignitable liquid
residue
identification
influencing factor
Abstract
Inspection and identification of ignitable liquids were a key technology in the field of forensic technology. Ignitable liquids were of various types, and their residues were complicated because of being influenced by combustion mechanism and environmental conditions. Identification of types and sources of ignitable liquids with ignitable liquid residues from the scene was a challenge to test methods and data analysis. Recent research progress of identification technology of conventional and unconventional ignitable liquids, key influencing factors for identification of ignitable liquid residues, including bearing substrates of ignitable liquid, weathering, microbial degradation and acidification, and how to identify ignitable liquids according to their residues (44 ref. cited) were reviewed, which provided a reference for the inspection and analysis of ignitable liquids in the field of public security.
中图分类号 O65 DOI 10.11973/lhjy-hx202201023
所属栏目 综述
基金项目 浙江省基础公益计划（LGF21B050002）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2016JB006）；科技部国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0807401，2017YFC0802804）
收稿日期 2020/9/7
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备注徐静阳,副教授,博士,研究方向为微量物质的快速检测,xujingyang@im.ac.cn
引用该论文: XU Jingyang,SUN Zhenwen,KE Xing,LIU Zhanfang,ZHU Jun. Identification of Ignitable Liquids and Their Residues and Key Factors for Influencing Identification[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis part B:Chemical Analysis, 2022, 58(1): 118～124
徐静阳,孙振文,柯星,刘占芳,朱军. 易燃液体及其残留物的鉴别和影响鉴别的关键因素[J]. 理化检验－化学分册, 2022, 58(1): 118～124
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参考文献
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【34】MARTÍN-ALBERCA C, CARRASCOSA H, SAN ROMÁN I, et al. Acid alteration of several ignitable liquids of potential use in arsons[J]. Science & Justice, 2018,58(1):7-16.
【35】PRATHER K R, MCGUFFIN V L, SMITH R W. Effect of evaporation and matrix interferences on the association of simulated ignitable liquid residues to the corresponding liquid standard[J]. Forensic Science International, 2012,222(1/3):242-251.
【36】NIZIO K, COCHRAN J, FORBES S. Achieving a near-theoretical maximum in peak capacity gain for the forensic analysis of ignitable liquids using GC×GC-TOFMS[J]. Separations, 2016,3(3):26.
【37】LOPATKA M, SIGMAN M E, SJERPS M J, et al. Class-conditional feature modeling for ignitable liquid classification with substantial substrate contribution in fire debris analysis[J]. Forensic Science International, 2015,252:177-186.
【38】SINKOV N A, SANDERCOCK P M L, HARYNUK J J. Chemometric classification of casework arson samples based on gasoline content[J]. Forensic Science International, 2014,235:24-31.
【39】WADDELL E E, SONG E T, RINKE C N, et al. Progress toward the determination of correct classification rates in fire debris analysis[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2013,58(4):887-896.
【40】FRISCH-DAIELLO J L, WILLIAMS M R, WADDELL E E, et al. Application of self-organizing feature maps to analyze the relationships between ignitable liquids and selected mass spectral ions[J]. Forensic Science International, 2014,236:84-89.
【41】ZORZETTI B M, HARYNUK J J. Using GC×GC-FID profiles to estimate the age of weathered gasoline samples[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2011,401(8):2423-2431.
【42】WILLIAMS M R, SIGMAN M E, LEWIS J, et al. Combined target factor analysis and Bayesian soft-classification of interference-contaminated samples:Forensic fire debris analysis[J]. Forensic Science International, 2012,222(1/3):373-386.
【43】VERGEER P, BOLCK A, PESCHIER L J C, et al. Likelihood ratio methods for forensic comparison of evaporated gasoline residues[J]. Science & Justice, 2014,54(6):401-411.
【2】SUPPAJARIYAWAT P, ELIE M, BARON M, et al. Classification of ANFO samples based on their fuel composition by GC-MS and FTIR combined with chemometrics[J]. Forensic Science International, 2019,301:415-425.
【3】MONFREDA M, GREGORI A. Differentiation of unevaporated gasoline samples according to their brands, by SPME-GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2011,56(2):372-380.
【4】WINTERS K, EVANS M. The effects of burning and mold growth on the chemical composition of firelog fuels[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2016,61(4):1085-1092.
【5】GOODMAN M R, KALEY E A, FINNEY E E. Forensic analysis of biodiesel[J]. Forensic Science International, 2016,263:10-26.
【6】SAMPAT A, VAN DAELEN B, LOPATKA M, et al. Detection and characterization of ignitable liquid residues in forensic fire debris samples by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography[J]. Separations, 2018,5(3):43.
【7】MURRAY J A. Qualitative and quantitative approaches in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2012,1261:58-68.
【8】ALIAÑO-GONZÁLEZ M, FERREIRO-GONZÁLEZ M, BARBERO G, et al. An electronic nose based method for the discrimination of weathered petroleum-derived products[J]. Sensors, 2018,18(7):2180.
【9】ALIAÑO-GONZÁLEZ M J, FERREIRO-GONZÁLEZ M, BARBERO G F, et al. Novel method based on ion mobility spectrometry sum spectrum for the characterization of ignitable liquids in fire debris[J]. Talanta, 2019,199:189-194.
【10】张原,张冠男,张景顺,等.火灾现场燃烧残留物检验研究进展[J].理化检验-化学分册, 2020,56(1):118-124.
【11】JHAUMEER-LAULLOO S, MACLEAN J, RAMTOOLA L L, et al. Characterisation of background and pyrolysis products that may interfere with forensic analysis of fire debris in Mauritius[J]. Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 2013,1:51-61.
【12】LI Y Y, LIANG D, SHEN H. An analysis of background interference on fire debris[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2013,52:664-670.
【13】BORUSIEWICZ R, KOWALSKI R. Volatile organic compounds in polyethylene bags-A forensic perspective[J]. Forensic Science International, 2016,266:462-468.
【14】PRATHER K R, TOWNER S E, MCGUFFIN V L, et al. Effect of substrate interferences from high-density polyethylene on association of simulated ignitable liquid residues with the corresponding liquid[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2014,59(1):52-60.
【15】高佳鑫,宗若雯,刘海强.火灾中聚合物材料热解对汽油辨识的影响分析[J].火灾科学, 2014,23(3):162-174.
【16】CONTRERAS P A, HOUCK S S, DAVIS W M, et al. Pyrolysis products of linear alkylbenzenes-implications in fire debris analysis[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2013,58(1):210-216.
【17】ASTM Subcommittee E30.01. Standard test method for ignitable liquid residues in extracts from fire debris samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry:ASTM E1618-14[S]. West Conshohocken:ASTM International, 2019.
【18】National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida. Substrate database[DB/OL].[2021-10-19]. https://ilrc.ucf.edu/substrate/.
【19】高佳鑫.火灾残留物中助燃剂鉴定的影响因素分析[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2014.
【20】李盈宇,梁栋,沈浩.挥发时间对土壤中残留汽油成分的影响及其在火灾调查中的应用[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,52(5):107-110.
【21】BIRKS H L, COCHRAN A R, WILLIAMS T J, et al. The surprising effect of temperature on the weathering of gasoline[J]. Forensic Chemistry, 2017,4:32-40.
【22】WADDELL E E, WILLIAMS M R, SIGMAN M E. Progress toward the determination of correct classification rates in fire debris analysis Ⅱ:Utilizing soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA)[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2014,59(4):927-935.
【23】National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida. International database of ignitable liquids[DB/OL].[2021-10-19]. https://ncfs.ucf.edu/internationaldb/index.php?design=ILRC1.
【24】TURNER D A, GOODPASTER J V. The effects of microbial degradation on ignitable liquids[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2009,394(1):363-371.
【25】TURNER D A, GOODPASTER J V. The effect of microbial degradation on the chromatographic profiles of tiki torch fuel, lamp oil, and turpentine[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2011,56(4):984-987.
【26】HUTCHES K. Microbial degradation of ignitable liquids on building materials[J]. Forensic Science International, 2013,232(1/3):38-41.
【27】TURNER D A, PICHTEL J, RODENAS Y, et al. Microbial degradation of gasoline in soil:Comparison by soil type[J]. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation, 2014,5(2):1000216.
【28】TURNER D A, PICHTEL J, RODENAS Y, et al. Microbial degradation of gasoline in soil:Effect of season of sampling[J]. Forensic Science International, 2015,251:69-76.
【29】WINTERS K, EVANS M. The effects of burning and mold growth on the chemical composition of firelog fuels[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2016,61(4):1085-1092.
【30】TURNER D A, GOODPASTER J V. Comparing the effects of weathering and microbial degradation on gasoline using principal components analysis[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2012,57(1):64-69.
【31】TURNER D A, GOODPASTER J V. The effects of season and soil type on microbial degradation of gasoline residues from incendiary devices[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013,405(5):1593-1599.
【32】MARTÍN-ALBERCA C, GARCÍA-RUIZ C, DELÉMONT O. Study of chemical modifications in acidified ignitable liquids analysed by GC-MS[J]. Science & Justice, 2015,55(6):446-455.
【33】MARTÍN-ALBERCA C, GARCÍA-RUIZ C, DELÉMONT O. Study of acidified ignitable liquid residues in fire debris by solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Separation Science, 2015,38(18):3218-3227.
【34】MARTÍN-ALBERCA C, CARRASCOSA H, SAN ROMÁN I, et al. Acid alteration of several ignitable liquids of potential use in arsons[J]. Science & Justice, 2018,58(1):7-16.
【35】PRATHER K R, MCGUFFIN V L, SMITH R W. Effect of evaporation and matrix interferences on the association of simulated ignitable liquid residues to the corresponding liquid standard[J]. Forensic Science International, 2012,222(1/3):242-251.
【36】NIZIO K, COCHRAN J, FORBES S. Achieving a near-theoretical maximum in peak capacity gain for the forensic analysis of ignitable liquids using GC×GC-TOFMS[J]. Separations, 2016,3(3):26.
【37】LOPATKA M, SIGMAN M E, SJERPS M J, et al. Class-conditional feature modeling for ignitable liquid classification with substantial substrate contribution in fire debris analysis[J]. Forensic Science International, 2015,252:177-186.
【38】SINKOV N A, SANDERCOCK P M L, HARYNUK J J. Chemometric classification of casework arson samples based on gasoline content[J]. Forensic Science International, 2014,235:24-31.
【39】WADDELL E E, SONG E T, RINKE C N, et al. Progress toward the determination of correct classification rates in fire debris analysis[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2013,58(4):887-896.
【40】FRISCH-DAIELLO J L, WILLIAMS M R, WADDELL E E, et al. Application of self-organizing feature maps to analyze the relationships between ignitable liquids and selected mass spectral ions[J]. Forensic Science International, 2014,236:84-89.
【41】ZORZETTI B M, HARYNUK J J. Using GC×GC-FID profiles to estimate the age of weathered gasoline samples[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2011,401(8):2423-2431.
【42】WILLIAMS M R, SIGMAN M E, LEWIS J, et al. Combined target factor analysis and Bayesian soft-classification of interference-contaminated samples:Forensic fire debris analysis[J]. Forensic Science International, 2012,222(1/3):373-386.
【43】VERGEER P, BOLCK A, PESCHIER L J C, et al. Likelihood ratio methods for forensic comparison of evaporated gasoline residues[J]. Science & Justice, 2014,54(6):401-411.
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