对比研究了轧制和镦制2种工艺生产得到直径25 mm磷铜球的显微组织、硬度以及生产结束时的表面温度。结果表明:与轧制工艺相比,镦制工艺得到磷铜球表面更光滑,晶粒明显细化,晶界清晰,元素分布均匀,晶粒主要为等轴晶,柱状晶数量较少;采用镦制工艺生产结束时远离与接近出口槽处磷铜球的表面最高温度均低于轧制工艺;镦制工艺生产磷铜球的心部硬度明显比轧制工艺制备的磷铜球高,且表面的硬度波动较小。相比轧制工艺,镦制工艺生产的磷铜球具有质量好、环保、耗能低等技术优势。

The microstructure, hardness and surface temperature at the end of production of phosphorus copper ball with diameter of 25 mm by rolling and upsetting processes were comparably studied. The results show that compared with the rolling process, the surface of the phosphorus copper ball by upsetting process was smooth; the grain was obviously refined, and grain boundary was clear; the element distribution was uniform; the grains were mainly equiaxed and the number of columnar grains was relatively small. The maximum surface temperatures of the phosphorus copper ball far away from and near the outlet tank at the end of production by upsetting process were lower than those by the rolling process. The heart hardness of the phosphorus copper ball by upsetting process was obviously higher than that by the rolling process, and the surface hardness fluctuated less. Compared with the rolling process, the phosphorus copper ball by the upsetting process had the technical advantages of good quality, environmental protection and low energy consumption.