12Cr9NiAlMo模具钢的选区激光熔化成形工艺优化及热处理后的组织和性能
Selective Laser Melting Forming Process Optimization of 12Cr9NiAlMo DieSteel and Microstructure and Properties after Heat Treatment
摘 要
通过正交试验研究了激光功率、扫描间距、扫描速度等工艺参数对选区激光熔化成形12Cr9NiAlMo模具钢相对密度的影响，获得最佳工艺参数；研究了固溶时效处理后最优工艺成形试样的组织和性能。结果表明：激光功率对成形试样相对密度的影响程度最大，其次为扫描间距，最优工艺参数为激光功率325 W、扫描间距0.10 mm、扫描速度1 000 mm·s-1，此时相对密度为99.22%；热处理后最优工艺成形试样中部分残余奥氏体转变为马氏体，并析出大量细小NiAl相，抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度相比于未热处理分别提高了62.1%，59.6%，41.2%，断后伸长率和冲击吸收功降低了40.0%，81.3%。
选区激光熔化
固溶时效处理
12Cr9NiAlMo die steel
selective laser melting
solution and aging treatment
Abstract
The influence of laser power, scanning spacing and scanning speed on the relative density of selective laser melting formed 12Cr9NiAlMo steel was studied by orthogonal experiments, and the optimal process parameters were obtained. The structure and properties of samples formed by the optimal process after solution and aging treatment were studied. The results show that the laser power had the greatest effect on the relative density of the formed samples, followed by the scanning spacing. The optimal process parameters were laser power of 325 W, scanning space of 0.10 mm, and scanning speed of 1 000 mm·s-1, and the relative density was 99.22%. After heat treatment, part of the residual austenite in samples formed by the optimal process was transformed to martensite, and a large number of fine NiAl phase precipitated. The tensile strength, yield strength and hardness increased by 62.1%, 59.6%, 41.2%, and the percentage elongation after fracture and impact absorbing energy decreased by 40.0%, 81.3%, comparing with those without heat-treatment.
中图分类号 TH162 TG146 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl202210009
所属栏目 试验研究
基金项目 国家自然科学基金面上资助项目（52075159）；国家金属材料近净成形工程技术研究中心开放基金资助项目（2020013）；江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（GJJ203001，GJJ213013）；湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（2020JJ5187，2022JJ30019）
收稿日期 2022/5/6
修改稿日期 2022/9/15
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注王金海(1987-),男,广东中山人,工程师,硕士通信作者:肖罡教授
引用该论文: WANG Jinhai,YI Chuanming,XIAO Gang,WAN Keqian,WANG Wenyun. Selective Laser Melting Forming Process Optimization of 12Cr9NiAlMo DieSteel and Microstructure and Properties after Heat Treatment[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2022, 46(10): 49～55
王金海,仪传明,肖罡,万可谦,王文韫. 12Cr9NiAlMo模具钢的选区激光熔化成形工艺优化及热处理后的组织和性能[J]. 机械工程材料, 2022, 46(10): 49～55
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【2】ALTAN T, LILLY B, YEN Y C, et al.Manufacturing of dies and molds[J].CIRP Annals, 2001, 50(2):404-422.
【3】李冬梅, 韩敬宇.电火花加工技术在模具加工中精度问题分析及对策[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 22(1):69-71. LI D M, HAN J Y.Study on the precision solution of technology of processing with the eltcric spark in mold industry[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (Natural Sciences), 2007, 22(1):69-71.
【4】BAI Y C, YANG Y Q, WANG D, et al.Influence mechanism of parameters process and mechanical properties evolution mechanism of maraging steel 300 by selective laser melting[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2017, 703:116-123.
【5】WANG L, WEI Q S, XUE P J, et al. Fabricate mould insert with conformal cooling channel using selective laser melting[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 502:67-71.
【6】黄文普, 喻寒琛, 殷杰, 等.激光选区熔化成形K4202镍基铸造高温合金的组织和性能[J].金属学报, 2016, 52(9):1089-1095. HUANG W P, YU H C, YIN J, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of K4202 cast nickel base superalloy fabricated by selective laser melting[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2016, 52(9):1089-1095.
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【9】LARIMIAN T, KANNAN M, GRZESIAK D, et al.Effect of energy density and scanning strategy on densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel processed via selective laser melting[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2020, 770:138455.
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【12】ASGARI H, MOHAMMADI M.Microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel CX manufactured by direct metal laser sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2018, 709:82-89.
【13】魏恺文, 王泽敏, 曾晓雁.AZ91D镁合金在激光选区熔化成形中的元素烧损[J].金属学报, 2016, 52(2):184-190. WEI K W, WANG Z M, ZENG X Y.Element loss of AZ91D magnesium alloy during selective laser melting process[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2016, 52(2):184-190.
【14】张佳琪, 王敏杰, 刘建业, 等.离焦量对3D打印18Ni-300马氏体时效钢组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国激光, 2020, 47(5):0502004. ZHANG J Q, WANG M J, LIU J Y, et al.Influence of defocusing distance on microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D-printed 18Ni-300 maraging steel[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(5):0502004.
【15】王硕, 刘玉德, 祁斌, 等.选区激光熔化316L大层厚成形工艺及性能研究[J].应用激光, 2017, 37(6):011401. WANG S, LIU Y D, QI B, et al.Study on the forming process and performance of 316L high layer thickness by selective laser melting[J].Applied Laser, 2017, 37(6):011401.
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【17】杨锦, 刘玉德, 石文天, 等.大层厚316L选区激光熔化工艺优化及性能研究[J].激光与光电子学进展, 2019, 56(1):011401. YANG J, LIU Y D, SHI W T, et al.Process optimization and performance investigation in selective laser melting of large layer-thickness 316L powder[J].Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(1):011401.
【18】宗学文, 高倩, 周宏志, 等.体激光能量密度对选区激光熔化316L不锈钢各向异性的影响[J].中国激光, 2019, 46(5):0502003. ZONG X W, GAO Q, ZHOU H Z, et al.Effects of bulk laser energy density on anisotropy of selective laser sintered 316L stainless steel[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(5):0502003.
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【21】FAKIC B, CUBELA D. Review of the development of research in the design of semi austenitic stainless steel 17-7PH[J]. Journal of Trends in the Development of Machinery & Associated T, 2013, 17(1):57-60.
【22】ZHANG J Q, WANG M J, NIU L H, et al.Effect of process parameters and heat treatment on the properties of stainless steel CX fabricated by selective laser melting[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 877:160062.
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