3个省份9个产地的大红袍花椒样品经筛选、自然晾干后过孔径为0.425 mm筛网。分取1.0 g置于20 mL顶空瓶中,用卷边器封口,在加热箱温度100 ℃、定量环温度110 ℃条件下平衡30 min。所得挥发性成分进入气相色谱仪,在DB-17MS毛细管色谱柱上进行程序升温分离,并用附电子轰击离子源的质谱仪检测,以保留时间和定性离子定性,以峰面积归一法半定量,以主成分分析法寻找区分不同产地的差异性物质。结果显示:在9个产地样品中共检出120种挥发性成分,烯烃、芳香烃、烷烃、醇、醛、酚、酮、酯类化合物分别有56,2,10,24,7,1,12,8种;共有成分12种,其中柠檬烯相对含量较高(9.646%~48.985%);2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)-2-环己烯-1-醇和乙酸松油酯可作为区分不同产地样品的差异性物质,对甲-α-甲基苯乙烯、石竹烯可作为辅助差异性物质。

Zanthoxylum bungeanum samples from 9 origins in 3 provinces were screened, naturally dried, and then passed through a 0.425 mm sieve. An aliquot (1.0 g) was taken and placed into a 20 mL-headspace bottle. After sealing with a crimper, the sample was balanced for 30 min at the temperature of 100 ℃ in the heating box and 110 ℃ in the quantitative ring. The obtained volatile components were introduced into the gas chromatograph, separated on the DB-17MS capillary column by programmed temperature, and detected by the mass spectrometer with electron impact ion source. Retention time and qualitative ion were used for qualitative analysis, the peak area normalization method was used for semi quantitative analysis, and the principal component analysis method was used to find differential substances that could distinguish different origins. It was shown that 120 volatile components were detected in samples from the 9 regions, including 56, 2, 10, 24, 7, 1, 12 and 8 kinds of olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, ketones and esters, respectively. Twelve kinds of common components were found, among which relative content of limonene was relatively high (9.646%-48.985%). 2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol and terpinyl acetate could be used as differential substances to distinguish samples from different regions, and p-methyl-α-methylstyrene and caryophyllene could be used as auxiliary differential substances.