Effects of Process Parameters on Formability and Microstructure of Inconel 625 Alloy by Hot Wire Pulsed TIG Welding
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摘要:
采用热丝脉冲非熔化极惰性气体保护焊（TIG）在低电流（峰值/基值电流为160 A/95 A）和不同焊接速度（220~300 mm·min−1）下于AISI 4130钢表面制备Inconel 625合金堆焊层,研究了焊接电流与焊接速度对堆焊层成形性能及显微组织的影响,并与高电流（峰值/基值电流为190 A/110 A）条件下进行对比。结果表明：随着焊接速度的增加,低电流下堆焊层的宽度和熔深降低,高度以及熔深与高度之比先降后升；低电流下堆焊层的宽度、熔深及熔深与高度之比低于高电流下,高度则高于高电流下。低电流、低焊接速度可获得窄且高,稀释率低的堆焊层。低电流下堆焊层截面近表面和远离熔池底部主要形成胞状晶、胞状树枝晶,熔池底部以平面晶为主；随着焊接速度的降低,平面晶区扩大,近表面晶粒向柱状晶或胞状树枝晶发展,远离熔池底部的晶粒向胞状晶发展。在峰值/基值电流160 A/95 A、焊接速度240 mm·min−1和搭接率30%条件下制备的3层10道堆焊层连续致密,显微硬度在（280±20）HV,堆焊后还需进行退火处理以降低硬度。
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关键词:
- Inconel 625合金 /
- TIG堆焊 /
- 显微组织 /
- 显微硬度 /
- 工艺优化
Abstract:Inconel 625 alloy cladding layer was prepared on AISI 4130 steel surface by hot-wire tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding under a low current (peak/base currents of 160 A/95 A) and different welding speeds (220–300 mm · min−1). The effects of welding current and welding speed on the formability and microstructure of the cladding layer were investigated, and compared with those at a high current (peak/base currents of 190 A/110 A). The results show that at the low current, with the increase of welding speed, the width, depth of fusion of the cladding layer decreased, and the height and the ratio of depth of fusion to height of the cladding layer first decreased and then increased. The width, depth of fusion and the ratio of depth of fusion to height of the cladding layer at the low current were lower than those at the high current, and the height was higher than that at a high current. Low current and low welding speed could obtain the narrow and high cladding layer with low dilution rate. At the low current, cellular crystals and dendritic crystals were mainly formed near the surface and away from the bottom of the molten pool on the cross-section of the cladding layer, and planar crystals were dominant at the bottom of the molten pool. With the decrease of welding speed, the planar crystal region expanded, the grains near the surface developed into columnar or dendritic crystals, and the grains away from the bottom of the molten pool developed into cellular crystals. Under 160 A/95 A peak/base current, 240 mm · min−1 welding speed and 30% bonding rate, the three-layer ten-pass cladding layer was continuously dense and the microhardness was (280±20) HV. After cladding welding, annealing treatment was required to reduce the hardness.
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Keywords:
- Inconel 625 alloy /
- TIG cladding /
- microstructure /
- microhardness /
- process optimization
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图 1 不同焊接速度、不同峰值/基值电流下堆焊层表面的宏观形貌
Figure 1. Surface macromorphology of cladding layer under different welding speeds and different peak/base currents
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图 2 不同焊接速度、不同峰值/基值电流条件下堆焊层截面的OM形貌
Figure 2. OM morphology of cladding layer cross-section under different welding speeds and different peak/base currents
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图 3 不同焊接电流下堆焊层宽度、高度、熔深以及熔深与高度之比随焊接速度的变化曲线
Figure 3. Width (a), height (b), depth of fusion (c) and ratio of depth of fusion to height (d) vs welding speed curves of cladding layer
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图 4 不同焊接电流、不同焊接速度下堆焊层截面近表面和近界面处的显微组织
Figure 4. Microstructure near surface (a, c) and near interface (b, d) of cladding layer cross-section underdifferent welding currents and different welding speeds
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图 5 3层10道堆焊层试样截面的OM形貌
Figure 5. OM morphology of cross-section of three-layer ten-pass cladding layer specimen
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图 6 3层10道堆焊层搭接界面和堆焊层/基材界面的SEM形貌
Figure 6. SEM morphology of overlap interface (a) and cladding layer/base metal interface (b) of three-layer ten-pass cladding layer
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图 7 3层10道堆焊试样截面显微硬度分布
Figure 7. Microhardness distribution on cross-section of three-layer ten-pass cladding sample
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图 8 3层10道堆焊试样热影响区的显微组织
Figure 8. Microstructure of heat affected zone of three-layer ten-pass cladding sample
表 1 堆焊试验工艺参数
Table 1 Process parameters of cladding welding test
峰值电流/A 基值电流/A 焊接电压/V 焊接速度/（mm·min−1） 焊接热输入/（J·mm−1） 11.5 300 345 11.5 280 370 190 110 11.8 260 408 11.5 240 431 11.7 220 479 11.0 300 281 11.8 280 322 160 95 11.0 260 324 11.5 240 367 11.5 220 400 
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位置 质量分数/% Fe Ni Cr Mo Nb O 1 86.55 5.61 3.41 0.47 3.96 2 72.32 16.55 5.70 1.26 4.16 3 46.95 21.98 22.26 1.97 6.84 4 41.72 22.53 28.58 1.17 6.00 5 4.81 55.42 19.89 7.23 12.65 6 8.09 56.44 20.52 7.74 3.73 3.49
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1. 高德坤. 水冷壁管排表面堆焊工艺的影响因素及优化措施. 造纸装备及材料. 2025(02): 34-36 . 
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