Page 7 - 电力与能源2024年第六期
P. 7
第 45 卷 第 6 期 电力与能源
2024 年 12 月 643
DOI:10.11973/dlyny202406001
研究与探索
含电动汽车虚拟电厂的优化调度策略综述
黄 灿,曹晓满,邬 楠
(国家电投山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250014)
摘 要:随着风电、光伏等分布式新能源的快速发展,以及电动汽车的广泛应用,利用虚拟电厂将二者与更多
的分布式能源、负荷聚集在一起,已成为一种发展趋势。介绍了含电动汽车的虚拟电厂的基本架构,并将此类
虚拟电厂的优化调度分为了两部分。第一部分是采用合理有效的措施引导电动汽车有序充电,主要包括电价
型需求引导和激励型需求引导。电价型需求引导旨在根据电动汽车的负荷特性与虚拟电厂或电网的运营需
求制定不同的充放电电价,引导电动汽车在合适的时间充放电;激励型需求引导旨在在分时电价的基础上对
电动汽车用户采取额外的激励方式,进一步引导其充放电行为。第二部分是在保证电动汽车可靠接入后,搭
建虚拟电厂的优化调度模型,对虚拟电厂内部各组成部分进行优化调度。
关键词:分布式能源;虚拟电厂;电动汽车;优化调度
作者简介:黄 灿(1996—),男,硕士,主要从事风电、光伏等新能源工程的电气专业,绿电交通、氢能交通等交
能融合领域方面工作。
中图分类号:TM73;U491.8 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-1256(2024)06-0643-03
A Review of the Optimized Dispatch Strategy of Virtual Power Plants with Electric Vehicles
HUANG Can,CAO Xiaoman,WU Nan
(Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co.,Ltd.,SPIC,
Ji’nan 250014,Shandong Province,China)
Abstract:With the rapid development of distributed new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics,
along with the widespread operation of electric vehicles, the trend of integrating these sources with more distributed
energy and loads through virtual power plants is emerging. This paper introduces the basic structure of virtual
power plants with electric vehicles. The optimization dispatching of such virtual power plants is mainly divided
into two parts. The first part involves adopting reasonable and effective measures to guide the orderly charging of
electric vehicles, which primarily includes price-based demand response and incentive-based demand response.
Price-based demand response aims to guide the charging and discharging of electric vehicles at required times by
setting different tariffs according to the load characteristics of electric vehicles and the operational needs of virtual
power plants or power grids. Incentive-based demand response, based on time-of-use tariffs, takes additional in⁃
centive measures to guide the charging and discharging of electric vehicles. The second part involves building an
optimized dispatch model for the virtual power plant after ensuring the reliable connection of electric vehicles, and
optimizing the dispatch of components within the virtual power plant.
Key words:distributed energy,virtual power plant,electric vehicle,optimized dispatching
虚拟电厂(VPP)是运用通信技术,将分布式 峰填谷等辅助服务。2023 年我国电动汽车销量
电源与负荷聚合为一个整体,以多元方式参与电 已高达 668.5 万辆,大量电动汽车集中接入电网,
力市场交易的重要工具 [1- 3] 。当电动汽车(EV)与 会导致电网负荷突然增加,因此需要采取措施引
[1]
分布式能源通过虚拟电厂聚合时,不仅能通过内 导电动汽车有序充电 ,促进其参与削峰填谷,消
部负荷消纳新能源电力,还能积极参与电力市场 纳分布式新能源,提升电网稳定性。
交易,通过调整电动汽车充电功率等方法实现削 本文探讨含电动汽车的虚拟电厂的基本组成