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第 45 卷 第 1 期                          电力与能源
                    2024 年 2 月                                                                           43

                                                                                       DOI:10.11973/dlyny202401009
                  电网技术


                         应用液态金属的电力电子器件散热器设计




                                               王德辉 ,陈          伟 ,王超群        1
                                                                  2
                                                       1
                                         (1. 国网上海市电力公司超高压分公司,上海 200063;
                                              2. 上海送变电工程有限公司,上海 201101)


                    摘   要:绝大多数应用绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块的换流阀均采用水冷系统。尽管水冷却系统的散热
                    技术已经相当成熟且具有许多优点,但随着电力电子器件散热功率的提高,传统的水冷系统逐渐无法满足这
                    些器件的散热需求。针对现有的传统水冷散热系统模型,利用数值模拟分析技术,对比分析了不同的冷板材
                    料(铜、铝)和冷却工质(水、液态金属)工况下替换其散热工质分别为去离子水和液态金属的散热效果。结果
                    表明:采用铜和液态金属的散热系统的散热性能得到大大提高。在此基础上,提出了液态金属散热系统模型,
                    并通过与传统冷却模型进行比较,凸显了其在散热性能上的明显优越性。
                    关键词:液态金属;电力电子器件;散热技术
                    作者简介:王德辉(1990—),男,硕士,工程师,从事供电企业变电设备检修工作。
                    中图分类号:TN03    文献标志码:A    文章编号:2095-1256(2024)01-0043-06
                          Design of Heat Sinks for Power Electronic Devices Using Liquid Metals



                                                                  2
                                                     1

                                         WANG Dehui ,CHEN Wei ,WANG Chaoqun        1

                                (1.State Grid Ultra High Voltage Branch,SMEPC,Shanghai 200063,China;



                        2.Shanghai Power Transmission and Transformation Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201101,China)




                    Abstract:The  vast  majority  of  IGBT  module  converter  valves  use  water-cooled  systems. The  heat  dissipation
                    technology of water cooling systems is mature and has many advantages, but with the increase of the heat dissipa⁃
                    tion power of power electronic devices, traditional water cooling systems will gradually be unable to meet the heat
                    dissipation needs of power electronic devices. Based on the existing traditional water-cooled heat dissipation sys⁃
                    tem model, numerical simulation analysis techniques were used to compare and analyze the heat dissipation perfor⁃
                    mance of the heat dissipation system using different cold plate materials (copper, aluminum) and cooling working
                    fluids (water, liquid metal) under different working conditions. The heat dissipation working fluids were replaced
                    with deionized water and liquid metal, respectively. The comparative analysis showed that the heat dissipation per⁃
                    formance of the heat dissipation system using copper and liquid metal was greatly improved. On this basis, a liq⁃
                    uid  metal  heat  dissipation  system  model  was  proposed,  and  its  high  superiority  in  heat  dissipation  performance
                    was demonstrated through comparison with traditional cooling models.



                    Key words:liquid metal,power electronic devices,heat dissipation technology
                    近年来,国内外特高压直流输电市场迅速发                          封圈结垢腐蚀等缺点,导致了较大比例的非计划
                展,其中直流换流阀是特高压直流输电工程的核                            停运 。液态金属的导热系数高,黏度低,不易蒸
                                                                    [2]
                心设备,是实现交直流电转换的核心功能单元。                            发泄漏,物理性质稳定。相对于传统的风冷散热
                阀体中的阀水冷系统的冷却效果直接影响着换流                            系统和水冷散热系统,液态金属具有更好的散热
                阀的性能,不良的散热情况可能导致元件过热损                            能力,更安全的结构和材料性质,以及更高效的循
                                              [1]
                毁,严重时还会导致直流系统停运 。                                环系统。
                    目前广泛使用的冷却系统是水冷系统,但是                              在国内的相关研究中,中国科学院理化所的
                却存在冷却管路泄漏、材质老化、配水管电极和密                           刘静等首先提出了以低熔点金属或其合金作为冷
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